What is Hydrocephalus?

Hydrocephalus is a medical condition where excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) builds up in the brain’s ventricles (fluid-filled spaces). This accumulation can increase pressure inside the skull, leading to brain damage and various neurological issues. Hydrocephalus can occur at any age but is most common in infants and older adults.

Causes of Hydrocephalus

Several factors can lead to hydrocephalus, including:

Congenital Hydrocephalus: Present at birth, often due to genetic abnormalities or developmental disorders such as spina bifida.

Acquired Hydrocephalus: Develops after birth due to infections (like meningitis), brain tumours, head injuries, or bleeding in the brain.

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH): A condition affecting older adults, leading to difficulty walking, memory problems, and loss of bladder control.

Symptoms of Hydrocephalus

The symptoms of hydrocephalus vary depending on age:

In Infants: An unusually large head, bulging soft spot, vomiting, irritability, seizures, and poor feeding.

In Children and Adults: Headaches, nausea, blurred vision, balance issues, memory problems, and personality changes.

In Older Adults (NPH): Difficulty walking, confusion, and urinary incontinence.

Diagnosis of Hydrocephalus

Doctors diagnose hydrocephalus using imaging tests such as:

Ultrasound: Often used for infants to detect fluid build-up.

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Provides a detailed view of brain structures and fluid accumulation.

CT Scan (Computed Tomography): Helps assess the severity of fluid buildup in the brain.

Treatment of Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus is typically treated through:

Shunt System: A surgical procedure where a tube is inserted to drain excess fluid into another part of the body, such as the abdomen.

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV): A minimally invasive surgery that creates a pathway for fluid drainage.

Medication: In some cases, drugs may help manage symptoms, but surgery is usually required.

Conclusion

Hydrocephalus is a serious condition that requires timely medical intervention. With early diagnosis and proper treatment, many individuals can lead normal lives. If you notice any symptoms, seek medical advice immediately to prevent complications.

Dr. Naresh Kumar Damesha
Consulting Neurosurgeon